Python - Python Syntax and Structure

Syntax and Structure in Python

Python is a great language for beginners because of its well-organized grammar and ease of reading. Unlike many other programming languages, that use curly brackets to create code blocks, this language employs indentation. Semicolons are not required to finish statements in code; nevertheless, they can be used to divide numerous statements on a single line. Instead, each line of code usually ends with a newline character.

Python syntax refers to the set of rules that define how a Python program is written and interpreted. Python emphasizes readability, making it easier for developers to understand and maintain code.

Variable and Data Types

Variables are used to store the data value and each variables have a specific data type.

Following is the list of data types that are used in the Python −

• Integers: Whole number (e.g., age = 25)
• Floats: Decimal number (e.g., height = 5.8)
• Strings: Text (e.g., name = "letsupdateskills")
• Lists: Ordered collection (e.g., numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
• Tuples: Immutable ordered collection (e.g., coordinates = (10, 20))
• Dictionaries: Key-Value pairs (e.g., person = {"name" = "Aman", age = 30})

Control Statements

Following are the control statements:

• Conditional Statement: It is used to perform different actions based on the conditional statement.

Use if, elif, and else to control the flow of the program.

x = 5
if x > 10:
    print("x is greater than 10")
elif x < 10:
    print("x is less than 10")
else:
    print("x is equal to 10")

• Loops: for and while loops are used for the iteration.

for i in range(5):
    print(i)
    
count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

Function

In Python, the function is defined using the def keyword.

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

Classes and objects

Python also supports object-oriented programming (oops) principles.

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    
    def greet(self):
        return f"Hello, my name is {self.name}"

person1 = Person("Alice", 30)
print(person1.greet())

Modules and Packages

Python uses the import keyword to include the external modules.

import math
print(math.sqrt(16))

Exception-Handling

Use the try-except block to handle errors gracefully.

try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero!")

File Handling

Python allows reading from the file and writing to the file. For reading use the 'r' and for writing use the 'w'.

# Open the file in read mode ('r')
with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
print(content)

# Open the file in write mode ('w')
with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
    # Write text to the file
    file.write("Hello, World!\n")
    file.write("Writing to a file in Python is easy!\n")

Conclusion

Python's syntax emphasizes readability and simplicity, making it a popular choice for both beginners and experienced programmers. Understanding these basic elements is important for writing effective Python code.