Enhancing the visual hierarchy of the layout, borders, and box shadows gives pieces depth and significance.
Definition of an element's border: borders. Width, color, and style are all customizable.
Build a shadow effect around an object to create the illusion of depth using box shadows.
Code
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Borders and Box Shadows Example</title> <style> .bordered { padding: 20px; border: 5px solid #333; text-align: center; } .box-shadow { padding: 20px; margin-top: 20px; box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px #888888; text-align: center; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="bordered">This is a bordered box</div> <div class="box-shadow">This box has a shadow</div> </body> </html> |
Enhancing the visual hierarchy of the layout, borders, and box shadows gives pieces depth and significance.
Definition of an element's border: borders. Width, color, and style are all customizable.
Build a shadow effect around an object to create the illusion of depth using box shadows.
Code
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Borders and Box Shadows Example</title> <style> .bordered { padding: 20px; border: 5px solid #333; text-align: center; } .box-shadow { padding: 20px; margin-top: 20px; box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px #888888; text-align: center; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="bordered">This is a bordered box</div> <div class="box-shadow">This box has a shadow</div> </body> </html> |
Content, padding, border, and margin make up the box model.
Relative moves from original position; absolute positions relative to nearest positioned ancestor.
id is unique; class can be reused.
Minify files, reduce specificity, and remove unused styles.
Overrides all other declarations, regardless of specificity.
Use margin: auto or flexbox/grid techniques.
Allow responsive design by applying styles based on screen size or device.
Define relationships between selectors: descendant ( ), child (>), adjacent (+), sibling (~).
Tools like SASS or LESS add features like variables and nesting to CSS.
Targets part of an element, like ::before or ::after.
Use @import "filename.css"; at the top of the file.
Controls stacking order of overlapping elements.
Forces a property to inherit value from parent.
Static — not affected by top, bottom, left, or right.
Use universal selector * or define styles in body/root.
em is relative to parent; rem is relative to root element.
Inline, internal (embedded), and external CSS.
A layout model for arranging elements in rows or columns with flexible sizing.
Targets elements in a specific state, like :hover or :nth-child().
Use fluid layouts, media queries, and relative units.
CSS styles HTML elements to control layout, color, fonts, and responsiveness.
Reusable custom property values, declared with --var-name.
Determines which rule applies when multiple rules target the same element.
Performs calculations to dynamically set CSS property values.
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