C++ - Weather Data Tracker

Weather Data Tracker in C++

Introduction

This document provides notes and explanations for a C++ Weather Data Tracker program. The system allows users to input and store weather data, such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall, and then provides basic statistical analysis, such as calculating averages. The project demonstrates how to handle arrays or vectors, take user input, and perform simple calculations based on the data provided.

Program Structure

The program is divided into several key components, including:

• Data Entry: Allows the user to input daily weather data.
• Data Storage: Stores the weather data in a structure or array/vector.
• Statistical Calculations: Provides calculations like average temperature, highest temperature, lowest humidity, and total rainfall.
• Menu-Driven Interface: The user can interact with the program through a menu to input data, view results, and perform calculations.

Key Concepts

• Arrays or Vectors for Data Storage
• User Input and Validation
• Functions for Performing Calculations
• Looping Constructs (for repetitive tasks)
• Conditional Statements (for validating data and calculating results)

Data Storage

Using Arrays or Vectors

The program uses arrays or vectors to store weather data for each day. For example, temperature, humidity, and rainfall data for a given period (e.g., one month) are stored in arrays or vectors, with each index representing a day.

Code Example for Storing Data

#include 

struct WeatherData {
    double temperature;
    double humidity;
    double rainfall;
};

std::vector weatherRecords;
    

Program Logic

Menu-Driven Interface

The program operates through a simple menu interface. The user is prompted to choose one of the following actions:

• 1. Input Weather Data
• 2. Calculate Average Temperature
• 3. Find Highest Temperature
• 4. Find Lowest Humidity
• 5. Total Rainfall
• 6. Exit

Code Example for Main Program

#include 
#include 
using namespace std;

struct WeatherData {
    double temperature;
    double humidity;
    double rainfall;
};

int main() {
    vector weatherRecords;
    int choice;
    int numberOfDays;

    cout << "Enter the number of days to track weather: ";
    cin >> numberOfDays;

    do {
        cout << "\nWeather Data Tracker Menu\n";
        cout << "1. Input Weather Data\n";
        cout << "2. Calculate Average Temperature\n";
        cout << "3. Find Highest Temperature\n";
        cout << "4. Find Lowest Humidity\n";
        cout << "5. Total Rainfall\n";
        cout << "6. Exit\n";
        cout << "Enter your choice: ";
        cin >> choice;

        switch(choice) {
            case 1: {
                // Input weather data
                for(int i = 0; i < numberOfDays; i++) {
                    WeatherData data;
                    cout << "Enter data for day " << (i+1) << ":\n";
                    cout << "Temperature (°C): ";
                    cin >> data.temperature;
                    cout << "Humidity (%): ";
                    cin >> data.humidity;
                    cout << "Rainfall (mm): ";
                    cin >> data.rainfall;
                    weatherRecords.push_back(data);
                }
                break;
            }
            case 2: {
                // Calculate average temperature
                double sumTemp = 0;
                for(auto& record : weatherRecords) {
                    sumTemp += record.temperature;
                }
                cout << "Average Temperature: " << sumTemp / weatherRecords.size() << " °C\n";
                break;
            }
            case 3: {
                // Find highest temperature
                double highestTemp = weatherRecords[0].temperature;
                for(auto& record : weatherRecords) {
                    if(record.temperature > highestTemp) {
                        highestTemp = record.temperature;
                    }
                }
                cout << "Highest Temperature: " << highestTemp << " °C\n";
                break;
            }
            case 4: {
                // Find lowest humidity
                double lowestHumidity = weatherRecords[0].humidity;
                for(auto& record : weatherRecords) {
                    if(record.humidity < lowestHumidity) {
                        lowestHumidity = record.humidity;
                    }
                }
                cout << "Lowest Humidity: " << lowestHumidity << " %\n";
                break;
            }
            case 5: {
                // Calculate total rainfall
                double totalRainfall = 0;
                for(auto& record : weatherRecords) {
                    totalRainfall += record.rainfall;
                }
                cout << "Total Rainfall: " << totalRainfall << " mm\n";
                break;
            }
            case 6:
                cout << "Exiting the Weather Data Tracker.\n";
                break;
            default:
                cout << "Invalid choice! Please try again.\n";
        }
    } while(choice != 6);

    return 0;
}
    

Explanation of Code

Here's an explanation of the main components in the code:

• WeatherData Struct: A structure that holds the weather data (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) for a specific day.
• Vector for Data Storage: The weather data for each day is stored in a vector of WeatherData objects, where each object represents the data for one day.
• Menu System: The menu offers the user different choices to input data, calculate statistics, or exit the program.
• Input and Display: The program accepts input for each day's weather data and stores it in the vector. The user can also view various statistics like the average temperature, highest temperature, lowest humidity, and total rainfall.

Statistical Calculations

Average Temperature

To calculate the average temperature, the program sums up all the temperature values and divides by the number of days.

double sumTemp = 0;
for(auto& record : weatherRecords) {
    sumTemp += record.temperature;
}
cout << "Average Temperature: " << sumTemp / weatherRecords.size() << " °C\n";
    

Highest Temperature

To find the highest temperature, the program loops through the weather records and keeps track of the highest value found.

double highestTemp = weatherRecords[0].temperature;
for(auto& record : weatherRecords) {
    if(record.temperature > highestTemp) {
        highestTemp = record.temperature;
    }
}
cout << "Highest Temperature: " << highestTemp << " °C\n";
    

Lowest Humidity

To find the lowest humidity, the program compares each humidity value and updates the lowest value found.

double lowestHumidity = weatherRecords[0].humidity;
for(auto& record : weatherRecords) {
    if(record.humidity < lowestHumidity) {
        lowestHumidity = record.humidity;
    }
}
cout << "Lowest Humidity: " << lowestHumidity << " %\n";
    

Total Rainfall

The total rainfall is calculated by summing all rainfall values across all days.

double totalRainfall = 0;
for(auto& record : weatherRecords) {
    totalRainfall += record.rainfall;
}
cout << "Total Rainfall: " << totalRainfall << " mm\n";
    

The C++ Weather Data Tracker demonstrates the use of structures, vectors, and basic calculations to track and analyze weather data. The program provides a simple yet powerful way to gather weather information and perform basic statistical analysis. This project is ideal for beginners to practice data input, storage, and calculation in C++.