C++ - Student Management System

Student Management System in C++

Introduction

This document provides notes and an explanation of the code for a C++ Student Management System. The system allows for managing student records, such as adding, displaying, updating, and deleting student details like name, roll number, and grades.

Project Structure

The project is divided into several components that work together to create a functional Student Management System.

• Student.h: Contains the declaration of the Student class with member functions for managing student details.
• Student.cpp: Contains the implementation of the Student class methods.
• Main.cpp: The main file that implements the logic to interact with the user, add, display, and update student information.

Key Concepts

• Classes and Objects
• File Handling (for saving and loading student data)
• Basic Input and Output Operations
• Vectors or Arrays (for storing multiple students' data)

Student Class

Attributes

The Student class has the following attributes to store the student's details:

• name: The name of the student (string)
• rollNumber: The roll number of the student (integer)
• grade: The grade of the student (string)

Member Functions

The class has various member functions to manage student data:

• setStudentDetails(): Takes input from the user to set the student's name, roll number, and grade.
• displayStudentDetails(): Displays the student's details (name, roll number, grade).
• updateStudentDetails(): Allows the user to update student details (such as name and grade).
• deleteStudentDetails(): Deletes the student record.

Code Example for Student Class (Student.h)

class Student {
private:
    string name;
    int rollNumber;
    string grade;

public:
    void setStudentDetails();
    void displayStudentDetails();
    void updateStudentDetails();
    void deleteStudentDetails();
};
    

Main Program Logic

The main program handles the menu-driven interface that allows the user to perform operations on student records.

Menu Options

• 1. Add a New Student
• 2. Display All Students
• 3. Update Student Information
• 4. Delete Student
• 5. Exit

Code Example for Main Program (Main.cpp)

#include 
#include 
#include "Student.h"

using namespace std;

int main() {
    vector students;  // To store list of students
    int choice;

    do {
        cout << "Student Management System Menu\n";
        cout << "1. Add a New Student\n";
        cout << "2. Display All Students\n";
        cout << "3. Update Student Information\n";
        cout << "4. Delete Student\n";
        cout << "5. Exit\n";
        cout << "Enter your choice: ";
        cin >> choice;

        switch (choice) {
            case 1: {
                Student student;
                student.setStudentDetails();
                students.push_back(student);
                break;
            }
            case 2:
                for (auto& student : students) {
                    student.displayStudentDetails();
                }
                break;
            case 3: {
                int roll;
                cout << "Enter roll number of student to update: ";
                cin >> roll;
                for (auto& student : students) {
                    if (student.getRollNumber() == roll) {
                        student.updateStudentDetails();
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
            case 4: {
                int roll;
                cout << "Enter roll number of student to delete: ";
                cin >> roll;
                students.erase(
                    remove_if(students.begin(), students.end(), [roll](Student& student) {
                        return student.getRollNumber() == roll;
                    }),
                    students.end()
                );
                break;
            }
            case 5:
                cout << "Exiting the system...\n";
                break;
            default:
                cout << "Invalid choice. Please try again.\n";
        }
    } while (choice != 5);

    return 0;
}
    

File Handling (Optional)

You can enhance the Student Management System by adding file handling to save student records to a file. This way, when the program is restarted, the data persists.

Saving Data to File

To save student data to a file, you can modify the program to write the details of students into a text file.

#include 

// Inside the main program, add:
ofstream outFile("students.txt", ios::app);
for (auto& student : students) {
    outFile << student.getName() << "," << student.getRollNumber() << "," << student.getGrade() << endl;
}
outFile.close();
    

Reading Data from File

To load student data from a file, you can read from the file when the program starts:

ifstream inFile("students.txt");
string name;
int rollNumber;
string grade;

while (getline(inFile, name, ',') && inFile >> rollNumber >> grade) {
    Student student;
    student.setName(name);
    student.setRollNumber(rollNumber);
    student.setGrade(grade);
    students.push_back(student);
}
inFile.close();
    

The C++ Student Management System demonstrates how to manage multiple student records using classes, vectors, and file handling. By completing this project, you will gain a better understanding of object-oriented programming, file input/output, and handling collections of objects in C++.