C++ Tutorials

C++ - If -else if Statement

If-Else-If Condition Statements in C++

Introduction

In C++, decision-making is an essential concept for controlling the flow of a program. The if-else-if statement is used to test multiple conditions. This structure allows you to check various conditions and execute specific blocks of code based on which condition is true.

Syntax

The syntax of the if-else-if statement is as follows: 

        if (condition1) {
            // block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
        }
        else if (condition2) {
            // block of code to be executed if condition2 is true
        }
        else {
            // block of code to be executed if none of the conditions are true
        }

How It Works

1. Initial Condition Check

The if statement evaluates the first condition. If the condition is true, the code block inside the if statement will execute.

2. Else-If Statement

If the first condition is false, the program checks the next condition in the else-if block. If this second condition is true, the associated code block executes.

3. Else Statement

If none of the previous conditions are true, the else block executes. This is the default code block when all the conditions fail.

Example

Below is an example demonstrating the use of an if-else-if statement: 

        #include 
        using namespace std;
        
        int main() {
            int number;
            cout << "Enter a number: ";
            cin >> number;
        
            if (number > 0) {
                cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
            }
            else if (number < 0) {
                cout << "The number is negative." << endl;
            }
            else {
                cout << "The number is zero." << endl;
            }
        
            return 0;
        }

The if-else-if statement is a powerful tool in C++ that helps you manage multiple conditions and execute different parts of code based on the conditions provided. It helps improve the control flow of a program.

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C++

Beginner 5 Hours

If-Else-If Condition Statements in C++

Introduction

In C++, decision-making is an essential concept for controlling the flow of a program. The if-else-if statement is used to test multiple conditions. This structure allows you to check various conditions and execute specific blocks of code based on which condition is true.

Syntax

The syntax of the if-else-if statement is as follows: 

        if (condition1) {
            // block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
        }
        else if (condition2) {
            // block of code to be executed if condition2 is true
        }
        else {
            // block of code to be executed if none of the conditions are true
        }

How It Works

1. Initial Condition Check

The if statement evaluates the first condition. If the condition is true, the code block inside the if statement will execute.

2. Else-If Statement

If the first condition is false, the program checks the next condition in the else-if block. If this second condition is true, the associated code block executes.

3. Else Statement

If none of the previous conditions are true, the else block executes. This is the default code block when all the conditions fail.

Example

Below is an example demonstrating the use of an if-else-if statement: 

        #include 
        using namespace std;
        
        int main() {
            int number;
            cout << "Enter a number: ";
            cin >> number;
        
            if (number > 0) {
                cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
            }
            else if (number < 0) {
                cout << "The number is negative." << endl;
            }
            else {
                cout << "The number is zero." << endl;
            }
        
            return 0;
        }

The if-else-if statement is a powerful tool in C++ that helps you manage multiple conditions and execute different parts of code based on the conditions provided. It helps improve the control flow of a program.

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Frequently Asked Questions for C++

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Dynamic memory allocation in C++ refers to allocating memory at runtime using operators like new and delete, providing flexibility in memory management.

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Iterators are objects that allow traversal through the elements of a container in the STL, providing a uniform way to access elements.

C++ is an object-oriented programming language that extends C by adding features like classes, inheritance, and polymorphism. Unlike C, which is procedural, C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented paradigms.

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The STL is a collection of template classes and functions in C++ that provide general-purpose algorithms and data structures like vectors, lists, and maps.

A reference in C++ is an alias for another variable, whereas a pointer holds the memory address of a variable. References cannot be null and must be initialized upon declaration.

Pointers in C++ are variables that store memory addresses of other variables. They allow for dynamic memory allocation and efficient array handling.

Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common base class, enabling a single function or operator to work in different ways.

Constructors are special member functions that initialize objects when they are created. Destructors are called when objects are destroyed, used to release resources.

These access specifiers define the accessibility of class members. Public members are accessible from outside the class, private members are not, and protected members are accessible within the class and by derived classes.

The main() function serves as the entry point for a C++ program. It is where the execution starts and ends.

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