DevOps
DevOps Interview Questions and Answers
1. What is DevOps?
DevOps is a culture and set of practices that bridge development and operations teams to automate and streamline software delivery.
2. What are the key benefits of DevOps?
- Faster delivery
- Improved collaboration
- Automated workflows
- Enhanced CI/CD pipelines
3. What is CI/CD in DevOps?
CI (Continuous Integration) automates code integration, while CD (Continuous Deployment) automates software delivery.
4. What is version control in DevOps?
Version control systems like Git track code changes and support team collaboration.
5. What are the popular DevOps tools?
- Docker for containerization
- Kubernetes for orchestration
- Jenkins for CI/CD pipelines
- Ansible for configuration management
6. What is containerization in DevOps?
Containerization involves packaging an application with its dependencies using tools like Docker for consistency across environments.
7. What is infrastructure as code (IaC)?
IaC automates infrastructure setup using code, with tools like Terraform and CloudFormation.
8. What is the role of monitoring in DevOps?
Monitoring tools like Nagios and Prometheus track system performance, identify bottlenecks, and ensure reliability.
9. What is the difference between Docker and Kubernetes?
- Docker: Creates containers.
- Kubernetes: Manages and orchestrates multiple containers,
10. What is the importance of automation in DevOps?
Automation eliminates manual errors, accelerates deployments, and ensures consistent results in testing and delivery.
11. What is GitOps in DevOps?
GitOps uses Git as the single source of truth to automate and manage application deployment.
12. What is the purpose of a DevOps pipeline?
A DevOps pipeline automates build, test, and deployment stages to deliver software efficiently.
13. What are microservices in DevOps?
Microservices is an architectural style where applications are divided into small, independent services.
14. How does Kubernetes handle scaling?
Kubernetes scales applications dynamically using Horizontal Pod Autoscaler based on resource utilization.
15. What is the difference between continuous deployment and continuous delivery?
- Continuous delivery: Manual approval before production.
- Continuous deployment: Fully automated deployment.
16. How do you ensure high availability in DevOps?
Use load balancers, auto-scaling, and redundant resources to achieve high availability.
17. What are blue-green deployments?
Blue-green deployments involve two environments, one live and one idle, to reduce downtime during releases.
18. What are the challenges in implementing DevOps?
Challenges include cultural resistance, lack of automation tools, and misaligned goals.
19. What is the difference between Ansible and Puppet?
- Ansible: Agentless, simpler syntax.
- Puppet: Agent-based, uses declarative syntax.
20. How does DevOps improve security?
DevSecOps integrates security into the CI/CD pipeline through automated checks and tools like SonarQube.
21. What is Jenkins, and how is it used in DevOps?
Jenkins is a CI/CD tool that automates the software lifecycle from build to deployment.
22. What is the role of logging in DevOps?
Logging tools like ELK Stack provide insights into application behavior and help troubleshoot issues.
23. What is the difference between private and public clouds in DevOps?
- Private cloud: Dedicated infrastructure, more control.
- Public cloud: Shared infrastructure, cost-efficient.
24. How do you ensure fault tolerance in cloud-based DevOps?
Use multi-region deployments, failover mechanisms, and backup strategies.
25. What is the role of scripting in DevOps?
Scripting languages like Python and Shell are used to automate repetitive tasks and manage configurations.
