Perl offers powerful text manipulation, extensive library support, and cross-platform compatibility, making it ideal for rapid development.

To write comments in Perl, use the # symbol. Everything after # on that line is ignored by the Perl interpreter.

# This is a comment in Perl

Perl supports several loop types like for, foreach, while, and until. Example:

foreach my $item (@array) {

print "$item\n";

To create a hash in Perl, use the % symbol followed by key-value pairs, e.g., %hash = ('key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2');.

References in Perl are scalar values that hold the memory address of another value, enabling complex data structures.

Perl is often compared to languages like Python and Ruby for its text processing strengths and flexibility.

Use the CPAN shell or the cpan command-line tool to install modules from the CPAN repository.

In Perl, my declares a lexical variable with scope limited to the block; our creates a global variable shared across packages; and local temporarily backs up a global variable’s value within a block.

Perl provides mechanisms like die and warn to handle errors, allowing developers to terminate execution or issue warnings.

The Perl interpreter executes Perl code. You can run a Perl script by typing:

perl script.pl

To install Perl on Windows, download the installer from the official Perl website and follow the installation instructions.

 Perl one-liners are compact Perl scripts written and executed directly from the command line. They’re useful for quick text processing, like:

perl -ne 'print if /pattern/' filename.txt

In Perl, string concatenation is achieved using the . operator,

e.g., $full_string = $string1 . $string2;.

To pass arguments to a Perl script, use the @ARGV array to access command-line inputs.

 Subroutines in Perl are reusable blocks of code that can be invoked with arguments and return values, promoting modularity.

To read from a file in Perl, open the file using open, read its contents, and then close it.

In Perl, undef is used to unset or clear a variable's value, while defined checks if a variable has a defined value.

my $x;
print "Defined" if defined $x;  # Will not print
$x = 10;
undef $x;

Perl programming is a high-level, interpreted language known for its text processing capabilities. It's widely used in web development, system administration, and network programming.

Perl offers advantages in web development through its text processing capabilities, CGI support, and integration with databases.

To connect to a MySQL database in Perl, use the DBI module with DBD::mysql driver:

use DBI;my $dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:database=dbname;host=localhost", "user", "password");

To debug Perl scripts, use the -d flag to invoke the debugger or employ warn and die for runtime diagnostics.

CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network) is a vast repository of Perl modules and libraries, facilitating code reuse and distribution.

The use keyword in Perl is employed to include modules or pragmas at compile time, enabling additional functionality or enforcing specific behaviors.​

The $_ variable in Perl serves as the default variable for many functions and loops, streamlining code.

 Perl supports object-oriented programming by allowing the creation of packages and the use of bless to associate objects with classes.